Getting close to some subjects may involve planning dedicated trips, not just chance encounters - specially sharks.
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SHOOT UPWARDS
Pointing the camera upwards makes use of the light (sometimes too much for digital, so you have to watch out for too bright sun). Subjects against the light have contrast. And the surface is often beautiful.
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Looking upwards makes the subject dominant.
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High contrast makes an image dramatic.
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Against the light gives strong contrast, with subject a silhouette or lit by fill-in flash
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Getting lower than the subject makes it stand out in macro shots too.
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For macro, look for subjects in an raised position – then it is easier to get a view with the subject clear of a messy background.
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Details show up well against open water.
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Even on the sea bed you can get down low, so long as you don’t lie on anything that would suffer, such as a coral reef.
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